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Internet freedom

National SSL Certificates

November 11, 2014

National (government-issued) SSL security certificates are also a central component of Iran’s National Internet. SSL certificates ensure that the connection used in any Internet transmission is encrypted and thus secure. When they are issued by a legitimate source, they do ...

Conclusion

November 11, 2014

In 2013, Reporters Without Borders named Iran one of the world’s five worst enemies of the Internet, along with China, Syria, Bahrain and Vietnam. This report by the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran has shown that if ...

The National Operating System

November 11, 2014

The other means employed by the Iranian government to spread the use of its SSL security certificates is through the national operating system, “Zamin” (or Earth). Zamin was jointly developed by the Information Technology Organization and the Iran Telecom ...

National Search Engine And National Social Networks

November 11, 2014

As part of the National Internet, the Iranian government has also developed services such as a national search engine and national social networks, which are designed and implemented largely by the Ministry of Telecommunication’s Information Technology Company. Hadi Malek, research ...

The Rouhani Administration and Internet Freedom

November 11, 2014

While Hassan Rouhani campaigned for the presidency in Iran on a platform explicitly promoting Internet freedom, one year into his presidency there has been little progress to date on this front. In fact, as this report has shown, development of ...

Seeking International Technology Firms’ Compliance

November 11, 2014

In spite of all the authorities’ efforts to censor the Internet and punish those who seek to use it for social or political activism, the government has yet to achieve full control over the Internet and its use. Recognizing that ...

Security Agencies and the Prosecution of Online Activists

November 11, 2014

In addition to the Iranian state’s efforts to develop the technological infrastructure of Internet control, the Judiciary and security organizations have also pursued the identification and prosecution of online activists. This is done through a variety of organizations, some of ...

National Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

November 11, 2014

One of the principal ways that Iranians have been able to maintain access to the global Internet has been through the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), which allow users to circumvent government filters by providing encrypted links to networks ...

Executive Summary

November 10, 2014

Censorship and state control over the Internet in Iran is changing: it is becoming more systemic and less detectable, posing an ever-greater threat to Iranian users. Increasingly, the state is focusing on developing the technological infrastructure to effectively control access ...

Introduction

November 10, 2014

The Rouhani administration has pushed back some--a statement defending the need for open Internet access is made, a block on an application is removed--but it has largely refrained from taking ...

National Data Centers

November 10, 2014

The National Data Centers are one of the most important infrastructure components of the National Information Network. These Centers will be set up in Tehran and other cities across the country, and will house the various telecommunications and storage systems ...

Internet in Chain

November 10, 2014

The National Internet And Domestic Politics in Iran

November 10, 2014

Officials in Iran have attributed the delays and uneven progress in the development and implementation of the country’s National Internet to technological problems, difficulties created by international sanctions against the country, and budgetary constraints. Yet these delays must also be ...

Security Agencies and the Prosecution of Online Activists

November 10, 2014

The National Information Network (National Internet)

November 10, 2014

HISTORY While the state devoted considerable resources and institutional capacity to filtering the Internet up to this time, a new dimension began during the Ahmadinejad period (2005-2013) regarding Iran’s approach to the Internet. Namely, the development of a national infrastructure that ...

Internet Censorship and Filtering

November 10, 2014

The Internet first became available in Iran in 1993 with the start of dial-up services. Over the next few years, there were no clear guidelines for filtering sites and filtering remained relatively limited, with only intermittent instances of blocking ...

Viber Company Refutes Tapping Claims by Iranian Officials

September 24, 2014

"You should know from the cases the Iranian Cyber Police has pursued and concluded that personal messages on Viber, WhatsApp, etc. can be ...

Yahoo! to Offer Iranians Email Services Again

Yahoo! to Offer Iranians Email Services Again

September 16, 2014

One year after Yahoo! decided to exclude Iran from the list of countries that can access some of its services, the company has resumed providing access to Iranian users to open accounts and use the company’s Yahoo Messenger services. ...

Death Sentence for “Insulting the Prophet” on Facebook

Death Sentence for “Insulting the Prophet” on Facebook

September 16, 2014

A blogger found guilty of insulting the Prophet Mohammad in his postings on Facebook has been sentenced to death. An informed source told the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran that the blogger, Soheil Arabi, will be able ...

Grand Ayatollah Issues Fatwa Stating High Speed Internet is against Sharia

Grand Ayatollah Issues Fatwa Stating High Speed Internet is against Sharia

August 27, 2014

A Grand Ayatollah in Iran has determined that access to high-speed and 3G Internet is “against Sharia” and “against moral standards.” In answer to a question published on his website, Grand Ayatollah Nasser Makarem Shirazi, one of the country’s highest ...

Ruling of Combined 127-Year Sentence for Facebook Users Violates Iran’s Own Laws

Ruling of Combined 127-Year Sentence for Facebook Users Violates Iran’s Own Laws

July 24, 2014

A source knowledgeable about the case of eight young Iranians sentenced to heavy prison sentences for their activities on Facebook told the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran that in an illegal ruling, Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary ...

Eight Iranians Active on Facebook Sentenced to Combined 127 Years in Prison

Eight Iranians Active on Facebook Sentenced to Combined 127 Years in Prison

July 14, 2014

Eight young Iranians active on Facebook have been sentenced to a total of 127 years in prison by Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court which found them guilty of acting against national security, propaganda against the state and insulting Islam ...

Eight Facebook Users Sentenced to Decades in Prison

Eight Facebook Users Sentenced to Decades in Prison

May 27, 2014

The Revolutionary Court in Tehran has sentenced eight Facebook users to a total of 123 years in prison on charges of “propaganda against the state” and “insulting the Supreme Leader.” ...

Bill to Ban VPNs Would Cut Internet Access

Bill to Ban VPNs Would Cut Internet Access

May 14, 2014

The use of Virtual Private Networks (VPN) by millions of Iranians to circumvent strict state censorship of the Internet could become a crime if a bill currently being discussed by the Iranian Parliament becomes law. ...

Yahoo Should End Restrictions on Users in Iran Say Rights Groups

Yahoo Should End Restrictions on Users in Iran Say Rights Groups

May 1, 2014

In a letter to Yahoo!, nine human rights and online freedom organizations have urged the Internet giant to end its restrictions on users of its services inside Iran. As a signatory to the letter, the International Campaign for Human Rights ...

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