Iran Must Confront Its Child Protection Crisis
On the International Day of the Girl Child, All States Urged to Address Needs of Girl Children
Child Marriage, Lack of Protection against Abuse, Juvenile Executions Key Issues in Iran
October 11, 2019—On the International Day of the Girl Child, the Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI) urges the authorities in Iran to confront its child protection crisis, and fulfill the mandate of the day, which the UN states is to “address the needs and challenges girls face, while promoting girls’ empowerment and the fulfillment of their human rights.”
“There is no justification for the forced marriage of girl children, the lack of protections for children against abuse, or the execution of children,” said Hadi Ghaemi, CHRI executive director.
“The millions of girls in Iran who are facing these rights violations and the lack of laws and protections that are vital for their safety represents a crisis that the international community must continuously address and the authorities in Iran must be held accountable,” Ghaemi added.
Iran’s civil code puts the legal age of marriage for girls at 13, while girls younger than 13 can be married with the consent of their father and a judge. UNICEF estimates 17 percent of girls in Iran are married before the age of 18, while recently released Iranian statistics indicate that for officially registered marriages in 2016, the bride was under 18 years old in 20 percent of the marriages, and under 14 in 5 to 6 percent of the marriages. These numbers significantly under-represent child marriage in Iran, since underage marriages are often not registered.
At a time when international headlines are focused on Iran, little attention is given to the millions of children in the country who are subjected to a broad range of abuses and rights violations, including scant legal protection against physical or sexual violence, widespread child marriage and labor, and execution for crimes committed while juveniles. While there is a committed constituency for children’s rights in Iran, serious issues remain unaddressed, as highlighted in this fact sheet.
Iran is the world’s leader in executions of child offenders—and this includes girl children. For example, Zeinab Sekaanvand was arrested when she was 17-years-old and executed on October 2, 2018, for the alleged murder of her husband (even though she reported she had been physically abused by him).
Protections against child abuse are inadequate in Iran. Current law does not protect children against physical abuse and there is no mention of sexual abuse. Civil and penal codes do not clarify limits on physical punishment by parents. Proposed legislation to try to improve protections against abuse has been languishing, unpassed, for over a decade. In addition, there are weak preventative, reporting and intervention mechanisms.
Child labor is also insufficiently addressed in Iran, which affects both female and male children. The UN estimates there are some three million child laborers in Iran, while Iranian NGOs have said the number may well be closer to 7 million. Many of these children are girls. Iran’s weak regulatory environment and lack of enforcement of existing labor laws facilitate the use of child labor in sectors across the economy.
Especially vulnerable girls, such as those with disabilities, face an educational system that affords them neither access nor equality, and LGBTQI girls, who are frequent victims of violence in homes, schools and communities, are unable to seek protection without risking prosecution. In addition, the trafficking of children for the sex trade remains an under-addressed issue in Iran.
Girls Inhumanely Separated from their Unjustly Imprisoned Mothers
On the International Day of the Girl Child, CHRI also wishes to note the girl children who have been inhumanely and unjustly separated from their mothers who are political prisoners in Iran.
Gabriella, the daughter of Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, who has been imprisoned in Iran on unspecified and unsubstantiated espionage charges for the last three years and thus separated from Gabrielle, has just returned to the UK where she is joining her father, Richard Ratcliffe, in order to attend school in the UK. Nazanin has been eligible to be considered for release since November 2017, based on Iranian law. She should be released immediately and finally allowed to rejoin her daughter Gabriella.
The daughters of other political prisoners have suffered similar deprivation. For example, the children (now living in France) of Narges Mohammadi, who is imprisoned in Iran for her peaceful activism, have been consistently denied telephone contact with their mother. In a recent letter published by the Defenders of Human Rights Center, Ozra Bazargan, the mother of Narges Mohammadi, wrote: “In the history of humanity, rarely has a ruler carried the shame of denying a mother of young children in such a way that they would forget her face and her voice, and wonder, in their childish fear, if they have a mother or if she’s alive or not.”
CHRI calls on the relevant UN bodies, including the Office of the Secretary-General, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, and all of the other thematic mechanisms pertinent to children, as well as governments worldwide, to forcefully call upon Iranian officials in public and private to address the serious rights violations and lack of protections girl children face in Iran.
